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A2A Safaris - history https://us.a2asafaris.com/africa/blog/tags/history en Rock Art at Singita Pamushana https://us.a2asafaris.com/africa/blog/rock-art-singita-pamushana <div class="body text-field" property="content:encoded"><p>The forests and sandstone kopjes surrounding <a href="http://singita.com/pamushana-lodge/" target="_blank">Singita Pamushana Lodge</a> are home to more than 80 known rock art sites with more almost certainly yet to be discovered. These range from single figures to large ‘galleries’ containing multiple paintings, sometimes from different time periods.</p> <p><a href="http://singita.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/rockart_2.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-11618" alt="Rock art at Singita Pamushana Lodge, Zimbabwe" src="http://singita.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/rockart_2.jpg" /></a></p> <p>Carbon dating from pieces of charcoal found in sediments at two of the sites suggest that the paintings range from 700 to 2,000 years-old and fall into three main traditions. The oldest are those painted by San Bushmen hunter gatherers who used porcupine quills and bird feathers as brushes, and ochre mixed with blood and dyes from tree-bark as paint.</p> <p><a href="http://singita.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/rockart_6.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-11622" alt="Rock art at Singita Pamushana Lodge, Zimbabwe" src="http://singita.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/rockart_6.jpg" /></a></p> <p>The more geometric spot paintings found in the reserve were painted by Khoi San herders, while finger-paintings, often white in colour, were made by the Bantu-speaking people using ground egg shells as paint.</p> <p><a href="http://singita.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/rockart_5.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-11621" alt="Rock art at Singita Pamushana Lodge, Zimbabwe" src="http://singita.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/rockart_5.jpg" /></a></p> <p>Many of the earliest paintings are figurative and illustrate everyday scenes from the lives of the hunter gatherers who made them. These include hunting scenes and animals like elephant, rhino, zebra and many other creatures of the bush including, most significantly, eland which were sacred to the San and represented rain and fertility.</p> <p><a href="http://singita.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/rockart_4.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-11620" alt="Rock art at Singita Pamushana Lodge, Zimbabwe" src="http://singita.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/rockart_4.jpg" /></a></p> <p>Many rock art experts now believe, however, that the original interpretations of these paintings by the early colonialists were too simplistic. Scenes which looked easy to interpret missed complex underlying meanings, including metaphors for aspects of the San’s strong spiritual traditions that included trance, rain and initiation dances among other rituals. Many scenes on closer inspection show creatures that are half-animal and half-human, for example, and probably depict shamans in a trance state.</p> <p><a href="http://singita.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/rockart_7.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-11623" alt="Rock art at Singita Pamushana Lodge, Zimbabwe" src="http://singita.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/rockart_7.jpg" /></a></p> <p>The study of rock art is open to interpretation and the full meanings of these paintings will probably never be known for sure. “The San Bushmen were intensely spiritual people,” says Dr. Bruce Clegg, Resident Ecologist at the Malilangwe Trust. “At the Lisililija Spring site, for example, on one panel there’s a row of people in a trance dance which is connected by a spiritual line to a rainfall event pouring down on a female figure which is a sign of fertility in San belief. It’s one big celebration connecting human people to their spiritual counterparts.”</p> <p><strong>WATCH THE VIDEO:</strong></p> <p><iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/126937212" width="630" height="354" frameborder="0" title="Rock Art Film" webkitallowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></p> <p><em>The San Bushmen are the original hunter-gatherers and one of the earth’s oldest continuous cultures. Guests at Singita Pamushana Lodge can take an educational tour of the best rock art sites in the reserve, including those shown in the accompanying film, and learn about their remarkable way of life.</em></p> <div id="attachment_11624" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 640px"><a href="http://singita.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/rockart_8.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-11624" alt="Rock art at Singita Pamushana Lodge, Zimbabwe" src="http://singita.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/rockart_8.jpg" width="630" height="480" /></a><br /><p class="wp-caption-text">Singita Pamushana Lodge, Zimbabwe</p> </div> <p><em>Richard and Sarah Madden are freelance travel writers and filmmakers currently based at in the <a href="http://singita.com/regions/singita-malilangwe/" target="_blank">Malilangwe Reserve</a> at Singita Pamushana Lodge in Zimbabwe. Their series of short films from the region is entitled “<a href="http://singita.com/blog/tag/bush-tales/" target="_blank">Bush Tales</a>” and explores Singita’s community development, ecotourism and conservation work in Southern Africa. Richard and Sarah met while producing documentaries for the Discovery Channel and are now freelance and, prior to working with Singita, spent two years in Africa writing and filming the multi-media <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/bushtelegraph" target="_blank">Bush Telegraph column</a> for the Daily Telegraph.</em></p> <p>The post <a href="http://singita.com/blog/rock-art-at-singita-pamushana/">Rock Art at Singita Pamushana</a> appeared first on <a href="http://singita.com">Singita</a>.</p> </div><div class="field-tags field-items"><div class="field-label">Tags: </div><div class="field-item even " rel="dc:subject"><a href="/africa/blog/tags/conservation" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Conservation</a></div><div class="field-item odd " rel="dc:subject"><a href="/africa/blog/tags/did-you-know" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Did You Know?</a></div><div class="field-item even " rel="dc:subject"><a href="/africa/blog/tags/history" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">history</a></div><div class="field-item odd " rel="dc:subject"><a href="/africa/blog/tags/malilangwe-wildlife-reserve" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Malilangwe Wildlife Reserve</a></div><div class="field-item even " rel="dc:subject"><a href="/africa/blog/tags/singita-pamushana-lodge" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Singita Pamushana Lodge</a></div></div> Mon, 11 May 2015 09:58:33 +0000 Anonymous 1200 at https://us.a2asafaris.com/africa https://us.a2asafaris.com/africa/blog/rock-art-singita-pamushana#comments The African adventures of Bernhard Grzimek https://us.a2asafaris.com/africa/blog/the-african-adventures-bernhard-grzimek <div class="body text-field" property="content:encoded"><h4>By Ryan Green, Travel Writer.</h4> <p><img class="aligncenter wp-image-1801" src="http://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/grzimek.jpeg?w=429&h=320" alt="Grzimek" width="429" height="320" /></p> <p>Bernhard Grzimek (1909 – 1987) was a renowned Silesian-German zoo director, zoologist, book author, editor, and animal conservationist in post-war Germany.</p> <p>He was the Director of the Frankfurt Zoological Garden for almost 30 years, and the president of the <span style="color:#808000;"><a style="color:#808000;text-decoration:underline;" href="https://www.fzs.org/en/" target="_blank">Frankfurt Zoological Society</a></span> for over 40 years. The society – organised on similar principles as its London and New York counterparts – runs a number of wildlife conservation projects both in Germany and overseas; most well known is its ongoing work in the Serengeti ecosystem in Tanzania. Grzimek was instrumental in creating and expanding this National Park, following his documentary film “<em>Serengeti shall not die”, </em>for which he won an Academy Award in 1959. He prophesied in his book: “Large cities continue to proliferate. In the coming decades and centuries, men will not travel to view marvels of engineering, but they will leave the dusty towns in order to behold the last places on earth where God’s creatures are peacefully living. Countries which have preserved such places will be envied by other nations and visited by streams of tourists. There is a difference between wild animals living a natural life and famous buildings. Palaces can be rebuilt if they are destroyed in wartime, but once the wild animals of the Serengeti are exterminated no power on earth can bring them back.”</p> <p>He was actively involved in many conservation projects across Africa, and Rubondo Island features in a few tales of his adventures in East Africa. A chapter in his book “<em>Among Animals of Africa”</em> is entitled ‘How Europe exported apes to Africa’ and details the story of how, in the 1960s, Rubondo Island became a vital sanctuary for endangered wildlife.</p> <p>Grzimek wrote: “I had been introduced to Rubondo by Peter Achard, a game warden based in Mwanza at the southern end of Lake Victoria. Achard felt rather forlorn in this corner of Tanzania: ‘All the tourists and VIP’s go to the Ngorongoro Crater and Serengeti,’ he told me. ‘Nobody comes to Mwanza for a look at my part of the world.’</p> <p>We boarded a light aircraft and flew the 85 miles to Rubondo. Achard knew what he was doing when he chose Rubondo. I immediately fell in love with the island. It is 24 miles long and on average, 5 miles wide. Three-quarters of its 135 square miles are covered with forest and the remainder consists of grass-covered hills. Above all, Rubondo is uninhabited.</p> <p>So Rubondo now belongs to the animals. Peter Achard had previously captured sixteen rhinos in other threatened areas of Tanzania, most of them badly wounded by poachers or big game hunters. He had talked the Public Works Department, which is responsible for roads and transport, into bringing a car-ferry big enough to hold ten trucks from one of the neighbouring bays of Lake Victoria and transporting the grey giants to Rubondo in their heavy crates. On one occasion the ferry almost sank. Six giraffes made the trip as well, and one of the rhinos has since produced young on the island.”</p> <p>Sadly, none of these rhinos remain on the island, having been wiped out by poaching in the subsequent decades, but the giraffes and other animals are thriving to this day.</p> <p>On how the first chimpanzees came to Rubondo, Grzimek wrote: ‘Peter Achard was an energetic and enthusiastic man, and enthusiasm can be infectious even to aging men like me, who really ought to steer clear of adventuring. As a result, the Frankfurt Zoological Society circularised all European zoos and on May 16<sup>th</sup> 1966 dispatched ten large chimpanzees from Antwerp aboard the German African Line’s steamship <em>Eibe Oldendorff.</em>”</p> <p>When the ship finally reached Tanzania, he was bemused to note: “The first Dar es Salaam paper I opened when I reached Mwanza contained a photograph of the chimpanzees accompanied by a ridiculous report alleging that the animals, which hailed from European zoos, were accustomed to nothing but the best Russian tea. It appeared that the chief problem would be how to convert them to drinking plain water in the wild. I don’t know which sailor sold this nonsense to the African reporter in Dar, but the same picture and report were reprinted in every German newspaper.”!</p> <p>The next problem they encountered was how to release the animals once they reached the island, as being habituated to humans, they had no natural fear of people, and some of them were quite aggressive. The solution was to place the crates on the edge of the lakeshore: “We chose a fairly level spot on the shores of Rubondo to unload the crates containing the chimpanzees. Although they had to be manhandled ashore, this gave us the chance to take refuge in the water after opening them. Some of the adult zoo chimpanzees were anything but harmless. One of them had already put a keeper in hospital. Another particularly spiteful male caused considerable mischief on Rubondo eighteen months later.”</p> <p>Sinclair Dunnet is seen in the picture below, opening the crate with great care.</p> <p style="text-align:center;"><a href="http://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/rubondo-chimps-arriving-image-2.png"><img class="alignnone wp-image-1554" src="http://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/rubondo-chimps-arriving-image-2.png?w=293&h=215" alt="Rubondo chimps arriving image 2" width="293" height="215" /></a> <a href="http://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/rubondo-chimps-image-1.png"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-1555" src="http://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/rubondo-chimps-image-1.png?w=300&h=215" alt="Rubondo chimps" width="300" height="215" /></a></p> <p>“He could retreat into the water at a moments notice because anthropoid apes are non-swimmers.”</p> <p>In Uganda, on the opposite shore to Rubondo, he had a great idea to assist the game wardens in combating water-borne poachers. Having heard of a German firm manufacturing the Amphicar (an amphibious car capable of travelling on land and water), he ordered one and had it shipped to Mombasa, where he met it and drove to Uganda, always followed by a crowd of curious onlookers!</p> <p>He used the open-topped convertible with great success as a game-drive vehicle in the game reserves, both in and out of the water.</p> <p>“I could have sold my amphibious car three times over to enthusiastic American tourists, probably at a premium, but I and Aubrey Buxton had already made a joint present of it to the Uganda National Parks. It is hoped that their new African director, Francis Katete will put paid to [get rid of] the poachers with its assistance.”</p> <p><a href="https://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/grzimek-2.jpeg"><img class="alignnone wp-image-1799" src="http://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/grzimek-2.jpeg?w=179&h=256" alt="Grzimek 2" width="179" height="256" /></a> <a href="https://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/grzimek-1.jpeg"><img class="alignnone wp-image-1798" src="http://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/grzimek-1.jpeg?w=378&h=257" alt="Grzimek 1" width="378" height="257" /></a></p> <p>In an effort to learn more about the behaviour of large African animals, he convinced a German company to make up life-sized inflatable models of a lion, an elephant and a rhino, which he planned to set out strategically to observe the real animals’ reactions to them.</p> <p>The lion was quickly deflated by the claws of a curious lioness in the Ngorongoro Crater, and Ian Douglas-Hamilton, the famed elephant researcher, assisted him in placing their dummy in the vicinity of wild elephants, often demonstrating considerable bravery, according to Grzimek. Thus, when the time came to experiment with the inflatable rhino, Grzimek felt he had to demonstrate some bravado of his own, which resulted in the picture below.</p> <p><a href="https://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/grzimek-3.jpeg"><img class="wp-image-1800 aligncenter" src="http://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/grzimek-3.jpeg?w=512&h=368" alt="Grzimek 3" width="512" height="368" /></a></p> <p>“I found it a rather uneasy sensation, confronting an aggressive bull rhino with nothing but a balloonful of air between his horns and my ribs. It soon turned out that the rhino felt almost as uneasy as I did.”</p> <p>It is doubtful that anybody would repeat this experiment in the present day, but in those early years of studying the wildlife of East Africa, it seemed a sensible method in the very early days of the science which has now become known as ethology.</p> <p>Bernhard Grzimek’s stories are peppered with adventures and the occasional mishap, filled with great humour, and like the naturalist David Attenborough, he was imbued with a huge love of the animals, and a powerful desire to protect and preserve the wild places and landscapes of Africa.</p> <p><img alt="" border="0" src="http://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?host=rubondoislandcampproject.com&blog=41201705&post=1797&subd=rubondoislandcampproject&ref=&feed=1" width="1" height="1" /></p> </div><div class="field-tags field-items"><div class="field-label">Tags: </div><div class="field-item even " rel="dc:subject"><a href="/africa/blog/tags/history" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">history</a></div><div class="field-item odd " rel="dc:subject"><a href="/africa/blog/tags/tanzania" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">tanzania</a></div></div> Fri, 19 Sep 2014 16:01:34 +0000 Anonymous 995 at https://us.a2asafaris.com/africa https://us.a2asafaris.com/africa/blog/the-african-adventures-bernhard-grzimek#comments “SAFINA” the Ark https://us.a2asafaris.com/africa/blog/%E2%80%9Csafina%E2%80%9D-the-ark <div class="body text-field" property="content:encoded"><h3>By Professor Markus Borner, PhD</h3> <h3>Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow.</h3> <p><strong>Markus Borner was a contemporary of the German Conservationist Professor Bernard Grzimek in the late 1970s, and was instrumental in the early days of establishing Rubondo Island as a National Park. He recently revisited Rubondo, and here he shares his memories of the old days, coupled with his experience of the contemporary camp.</strong></p> <p><strong>Images © Marcus and Felix Borner</strong></p> <p>“Safina” or “Ark” was the name of the old diesel boat with which I reached Rubondo for the first time. It was more of a torture chamber as its exhaust was long gone and 12 hours on the lake in horrendous noise made me nearly jump into the water – not even thinking about crocodiles anymore.</p> <p>An ark for endangered animals, which was the vision the German Conservationist Prof Bernhard Grzimek had when he first “discovered” the Island together with a friend from the Game Department from Mwanza. He fell in love with the forested Island in Lake Victoria, its remnants of the central African forests, its beaches and its animals. He managed to convince his friend Julius Nyerere to make it a National Park and promised to help with its build up and maintenance. So when in 1977 the Tanzanian Parliament raised the status of Rubondo Island to National Park, Grzimek sent me and my wife Monica to help as promised.</p> <p>35 years ago, as much as today, the Island was true to its promise of a postcard picture dream island. It had been somehow protected since German colonial times, first as a Forest Reserve then from 1966 as a Game Reserve. But for us new arrivals it was not just a wonderful and lovely wilderness, it was also isolated, remote and inaccessible. Together with The Chief Park Warden from Tanzania National Parks, Samwuel Maganga, we lived in a tiny house close to where the Parks guesthouses are today. The rangers lived with their families in small corrugated iron sheet boxes, the old rusty diesel boat was the only link to the mainland, no power, no fridge and “shopping trips” to Mwanza were a major undertaking and happened only every two or three months. The only link to the rest of the world was a short wave radio to Serengeti where Samwuel called every morning his: “Mamba” from “Nzohe” – Do you read?” Mostly nobody read anything.</p> <p><a href="https://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/airplane.jpg"><img class=" wp-image-1737 alignleft" src="http://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/airplane.jpg?w=421&h=261" alt="airplane" width="421" height="261" /></a> <a href="https://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/felix-hedgehog.jpg"><img class=" wp-image-1738 alignnone" src="http://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/felix-hedgehog.jpg?w=173&h=260" alt="Felix hedgehog" width="173" height="260" /></a></p> <p>The simple life had its great advantages and our small family with little Felix and Sophie lived for six years a bit like the “Family Robinson”. Installing a well with a hand pump to provide water in the house was a major achievement; baking our own bread over the fire in a metal tin got better and better; building the first patrol boats by cutting the back of a poacher canoe and put an outboard on was a huge advance for the protection of the island and its wildlife; lighting the kerosene lamps and trying to get the old Chinese carburettor lamp going was an evening ritual. Best of all was the absence of all the hectic-ness and pressures we have now with email and telephone. When we had a problem we wrote a letter on our ancient “Hermes Baby” sent it to Germany and when we eventually got the answer three months later we had no idea anymore what the original problem had been.</p> <p><a href="http://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/p1070409.jpeg"><img class="wp-image-1736 alignleft" src="http://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/p1070409.jpeg?w=194&h=146" alt="P1070409" width="194" height="146" /></a><a href="http://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/dsc_2286.jpeg"><img class=" wp-image-1733 alignleft" src="http://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/dsc_2286.jpeg?w=212&h=145" alt="DSC_2286" width="212" height="145" /></a><a href="http://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/g0021884.jpeg"><img class=" wp-image-1734 alignnone" src="http://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/g0021884.jpeg?w=194&h=145" alt="G0021884" width="194" height="145" /></a></p> <p>But maybe it was remembering this very simple – and sometimes difficult – lifestyle we had on the Island that made my recent stay at the Rubondo Island Camp of Asilia Africa such a wonderful experience. The Island was as brilliant as ever, the hippos and crocodiles as exciting as before, the forest still full of elves and trolls (and sitatungas and bushbucks of course), the bird life with species from the savannah and the equatorial forests splendid, the walks in the forest as exciting – but boy – the lifestyle! It was just amazing. The camp is in the most spectacular bay that I remember choosing for a possible camp many years ago. The feeling of the romantic dream island has been well preserved and the luxury cabins well hidden. I was thinking of our past daily diet of fish, rice and beans and beans, rice and fish when we were spoiled with delicious meals at the camp. Janine and Henk pampered us to no end, already knew a lot about the island and shared our excitement to be able to work in such a wonderful place. Henk is obviously a very dedicated fisherman and knows where to find his fish but I did not dare to tell him that my Nile Perch record had been an 87-kilo monster, albeit caught not like a great sportsman, but on a super strong line.</p> <p><a href="https://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/nile-perch.jpg"><img class="aligncenter wp-image-1739" src="http://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/nile-perch.jpg?w=243&h=392" alt="Nile Perch" width="243" height="392" /></a></p> <p>On an evening cruise with a G&T I managed to leave the world behind me thankful that Rubondo Island is not just a wonderful dream in my past but still a place where we can feel part of nature and find something that links us human beings to trees, water and wild creatures and makes us happy.</p> <p>I shall be back!</p> <p>Markus Borner, June 2014</p> <p style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/p1070346.jpeg"><img class="aligncenter wp-image-1735" src="http://rubondoislandcampproject.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/p1070346.jpeg?w=413&h=310" alt="P1070346" width="413" height="310" /></a></p> <p><img alt="" border="0" src="http://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?host=rubondoislandcampproject.com&blog=41201705&post=1732&subd=rubondoislandcampproject&ref=&feed=1" width="1" height="1" /></p> </div><div class="field-tags" rel="dc:subject"><div class="field-label">Tags: </div><a href="/africa/blog/tags/history" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">history</a></div> Tue, 22 Jul 2014 09:48:56 +0000 Anonymous 940 at https://us.a2asafaris.com/africa https://us.a2asafaris.com/africa/blog/%E2%80%9Csafina%E2%80%9D-the-ark#comments 4 ways to discover Windhoek’s history https://us.a2asafaris.com/africa/blog/4-ways-to-discover-windhoek%E2%80%99s-history <div class="body text-field" property="content:encoded"><p><img width="250" height="150" src="http://blog.africageographic.com/africa-geographic-blog/files/2013/12/Christus-kirche-250x150.jpg" class="attachment-sliderimg wp-post-image" alt="Windhoek, Namibia." /></p> <p>The bustling capital of Namibia is a city that wears its history on its sleeve. Buildings, monuments and neighbourhoods contribute to a narrative of the local cultures and their history, making it a fascinating place to visit. </p> </div><div class="field-tags field-items"><div class="field-label">Tags: </div><div class="field-item even " rel="dc:subject"><a href="/africa/blog/tags/travel" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Travel</a></div><div class="field-item odd " rel="dc:subject"><a href="/africa/blog/tags/history" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">history</a></div><div class="field-item even " rel="dc:subject"><a href="/africa/blog/tags/katutura" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Katutura</a></div><div class="field-item odd " rel="dc:subject"><a href="/africa/blog/tags/namibia" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Namibia</a></div><div class="field-item even " rel="dc:subject"><a href="/africa/blog/tags/things-to-do" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Things to do</a></div></div> Tue, 10 Dec 2013 06:26:34 +0000 Anonymous 372 at https://us.a2asafaris.com/africa https://us.a2asafaris.com/africa/blog/4-ways-to-discover-windhoek%E2%80%99s-history#comments

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